Quick summary
- Pocket change and bank rolls are an inexpensive way to start.
- A focus, such as one coin type by date and mint mark, keeps a collection manageable.
- Mint marks show where a coin was made: P for Philadelphia, D for Denver, S for San Francisco and W for West Point.
- Folders, archival holders and a simple magnifier are the only supplies most beginners need.
- Learn before you buy: price guides, coin clubs and the American Numismatic Association all help.
Coin collecting, or numismatics, combines history, art and a bit of treasure hunting. You can start today with the coins already in your pocket.
Start with pocket change
Look closely at the coins you handle every day. Check dates and mint marks, and set aside anything interesting, such as an older design or a commemorative quarter. Some banks also sell rolls of coins at face value, which you can search and return.
Choose a focus
A focus keeps your collection manageable and gives you goals. Popular choices include:
- Date and mint mark sets: one example of a coin type from every year and mint, such as Jefferson nickels.
- Commemorative designs: like the state and national park quarters; see our quarters guide.
- Type sets: one example of each major U.S. coin design.
- Themes: animals, ships or historical figures, from any country.
Learn mint marks
A small letter on many U.S. coins shows where they were made:
| Mint mark | Mint |
|---|---|
| P | Philadelphia |
| D | Denver |
| S | San Francisco |
| W | West Point |
Some older coins from Philadelphia have no mint mark at all.
Basic supplies
- Coin folders or albums for sets from circulation.
- Archival holders, such as 2×2 flips or capsules made from inert materials.
- A magnifier of about 5x to 10x for checking details.
- A soft pad or cloth to work over, in case you drop a coin.
Collector’s tip
“Buy the book before the coin” is an old collecting saying. A good reference book teaches you what to look for and helps you avoid overpaying.
Keep learning
Local coin clubs, coin shows and the American Numismatic Association offer education and friendly advice. Before buying, read our guide to buying coins safely, and learn how to handle and store coins so they stay in good condition.
Collector questions
How much money do I need to start?
Very little. Searching pocket change costs nothing beyond face value, and coin folders are inexpensive.
Should I buy coins as an investment?
Collect for enjoyment first. Coin values can rise or fall, and dealers’ buying prices are lower than their selling prices, so collecting isn’t a reliable way to make money.
What’s the ‘Red Book’?
A Guide Book of United States Coins, an annual reference with mintages and retail price estimates. It’s a popular first book for collectors.
Are coin clubs worth joining?
Yes. Local clubs and national organizations are great places to learn, trade and get honest advice.
Coin values change with demand, condition and metal prices. This guide is general information, not an appraisal or investment advice.
